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Tuesday 19 September 1944, D-Day + 2 |
British 1st Airborne Division
The 1st and 3rd battalion, the South Staffords and the KOSB tried to
reach the isolated 2nd battalion at the bridge. Heavy fights took place between
the British and the Germans. The British troops suffered severe losses. Their
remaining forces were pressed more and more by the advancing German tanks. The
British were forced to retreat towards Oosterbeek. It was getting harder for
the 2nd battalion to hold their position at the bridge. By now, they had been
on their own for two days. Every day casualties increased while the number of
effective soldiers decreased.

The advance by the 4th Parachute
Brigade’s 10th and 156th Battalions was stopped by the German defence
line in the north of Oosterbeek. Around 1700, the British withdrew towards Wolfheze.
During this withdrawal, they had to cross the open terrain near Johannahoeve
covered by heavy German fire. Many soldiers were killed. At that moment, gliders
carrying the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade’s equipment started
landing on this Landing Zone Y’s open terrain. Suddenly, from out of nowhere,
German Messerschmitt fighters appeared and shot up the gliders. Thanks to the
Messerschmitts and German ground shelling most of the gliders and equipment
were destroyed. The German forces were still increasing in number. Then the
British were attacked from the west by Lt. Gen. H. von Tettau’s Westgruppe.
Supply was another problem. Drop Zone V where the supplies were dropped was
in German hands. As a result, the British ended up with only 10% of the supplies
dropped.
U.S.
82nd Airborne Division
In the morning, the first contact was made with the XXX Corps by the 504th Regiment.
Around 0900 the vanguard of the Guards Armoured Division arrived at Grave. The
main force of the XXX Corps arrived three hours later. Browning and Gavin met
at Overasselt and decided that an assault on the bridge should be carried out
today. The 504th Regiment left some men behind to defend the secured bridges.
The rest went to Nijmegen with the Grenadier Guards and launched an attack on
the bridge. The Germans defending the bridge were reinforced by elements of
the 10th SS Panzer Division which had crossed the canal at Pannerden. The attack
was stopped by heavy German resistance. Gavin came up with a plan because the
bridge had to be taken as soon as possible, especially since the XXX Corps had
arrived. The following day men of the 504th Regiment would cross the Waal river
and attack the bridge from the rear. The 505th Regiment and the Guards Armoured
Division would simultaneously attack the south ramp of the bridge This plan
could not be carried out until the next day because the boats needed for the
crossing were still in the rear of the slowly advancing British XXX Corps and
had to be brought to Nijmegen first.

The 505th Regiment defended the area Groesbeek-Mook. They withstood several German attacks and still retained control over the area. The third lift practically didn't arrive. Because of the bad weather in England the airborne forces couldn't take off. Only the C-47's carrying the supplies were able to fly to the Netherlands, but almost none of the supplies were recovered.
U.S.
101st Airborne Division
Near Veghel the 501st Regiment was attacked by German Fallschirmjäger
(paratroopers). They were forced to retreat, but they were able to withstand
the assault. More infantry arrived at the landing zone. These reinforcements
were used to defend the landing zone and to support the troops at Best where
the men of the 502nd Regiment had been fighting since early morning. With these
new reinforcements and the support of British tanks, the Germans were defeated
late in the afternoon. Fifteen 88-mm guns were destroyed and approximately 1,000
German soldiers were captured.

The 506th Regiment had taken positions west and east of Eindhoven and with the British they patrolled in the area. Suddenly, Panther tanks approached Son and opened fire at the town, including the Bailey bridge. This was a serious threat to the corridor. Luckily, a 57-mm anti-tank gun, just moved from the landing zone, eliminated some of the tanks before they caused any real damage. The other tanks retreated and the corridor was saved again. That night the Luftwaffe bombed Eindhoven. The Germans killed more than 200 and injured 800 of its inhabitants. The exuberant mood turned to grief and mourning. The attack delayed XXX Corps for several hours.
British
XXX Corps
During the night the Royal Engineers worked continuously on the Bailey
bridge across the Wilhelmina canal. Early in the morning the job was done. The
Grenadier Guards’ Sherman tanks leading the XXX Corps were the first to
cross this bridge. They advanced directly towards Veghel where they linked up
with the U.S. 101st Airborne Division’s 501st Regiment. Although the Americans
took the bridge across the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal intact some tanks had to
cross the canal by a temporary wooden bridge (constructed by Airborne engineers)
because the secured drawbridge was too narrow. At 0900, the second link up was
made. Scout cars reached the 82nd U.S. Airborne Division at Grave. An hour later,
British XXX Corps tanks crossed the Grave bridge and headed for Nijmegen.

Now that Nijmegen was reached, a constant flow of vehicles of XXX Corps came through the corridor south of Nijmegen until September 22nd. The shortest way from Grave to Nijmegen was over the Maas-Waal canal bridge known as the Honinghutjes bridge. It was badly damaged in earlier fights between the American paratroopers and the Germans and the British found it unsuitable for their tanks. Nijmegen was reached by a detour. The XXX Corps had to cross the Maas-Waal canal at Heumen and continue to Nijmegen. When the Grenadier Guards reached Nijmegen an Anglo-American assault was launched to gain control over the bridges at Nijmegen but it failed.